I dropped my phone recently. There is no damage to the outside of the phone. However, the phone does not turn on when I...

There might be multiple causes to this problem. Is there any sign of damage to the screen? Cracks or water damage? Any damage to the display screen may cause it not to turn on. The only solution to this problem is to replace the screen. Take a look at this troubleshooting page; it contains a detailed explanation to the problem as well as links to some repair guides.