I replaced the screen of a Pixel 6 Pro using the ifixit part with a new sensor and got the Fingerprint error as well. When I did the https://pixelrepair.withgoogle.com/udfps reset and rebooted the phone, I still received the error when setting up the fingerprint (first reboot). Apparently there's a second reboot that is needed and then the fingerprint sensor was working normally again with the new sensor. Thank you all for the help here :)

The repair was done on this post date.