Your iPhone needs a replacement screen.

This could be a board issue due to not disconnecting the battery. Try looking on the logic board for any capacitors that may be burned or just look kind of ‘weird’. in my experience with MacBooks I have scraped off bad capacitors with my finger nail and the computer returned to working nature.

So since you did not disconnect the battery, there may be a short to ground somewhere. This sounds like a logic board issue. Unless you can mico solder you will need to find somebody who can. This company does MacBook logic board repairs. https://www.rossmanngroup.com/

Well, Apple engineers engineered the new macbook airs and long story short some people got fired and the power pads just don't work with the airs. Apple really should help you because it's been less than a year. I would try and find an Apple Authorized Service Provider because they are a lot more reasonable and like mayer said, they have ways to hold apple's feet to the fire. If you just want to do it yourself, replace the topcase because I work with macbook airs at the school I work at. Every student has one. Our fix is to replace part until it works and it's all under warranty because Apple screwed up the power pads. sorry -Adam Kruszka

I do believe that it is your ram. After you described the broken yellow capacitors, I knew that it was the ram. In macs, you can't boot up without ram. (don't ask me why because I don't have time to know why). The computer must not recognize the ram because well, its broken... lol. I would try and take out the ram of another computer you may have just to see if that's the problem. -Adam Kruszka

No. The screw holes that hold in the logic board on the 2012 model case don't match up with the logic board on the 2013 model and vice versa. Why do you need to do this anyways?

put one stick of the old memory in with the new, turn it on, if it works turn it off, put new stick of memory back in and it should work. This happened to me a while ago. I don't know why it worked but I was just messing around with it trying to get it to work and it just suddenly worked...

Change outlets, also the magsafe for some reason works if you just flip the magsafe charger over(the end connected to computer).

they slide off the side pretty easy. Just pull really hard and it should come off

You need a new hard drive. I would recommend a solid state drive. They are 10x faster and save electricity! they are more expensive than a regular HD though so you decide. any other drive would work. If you're hearing noises thats really bad. you would need to somehow pull up disk utility and repair disk...