For RAM I would get it to 16 GB (2x 8 GB SO-DIMM’s) Here’s the needed RAM PC3-10600 8 GB RAM Chip
You have quite a few options here for SSD storage! You can go as low as 256GB to as much as 8TB. I would go with a 1TB if you can, 512GB is also very good!
Now you do have a few hiccups here you’ll need to deal with.
The first one is the original drive your system has was only SATA II (3.0 Gb/s) drive which didn’t push the HD SATA cable to its limit. A modern SATA III (6.0 Gb/s) SSD which your system can support will over saturate the cable. While it will appear to work it won’t be stable. You really need to replace the cable with a better one MacBook Pro 15" Unibody (Mid 2012) Hard Drive Cable and yes this is the 2012 model which is the better one.
Even still you also want to improve things a bit, We want to place a stip of electricians tape on the uppercase where the cable rests to protect it from the rough aluminum surface. Here’s the guide: MacBook Pro 15" Unibody Late 2011 Hard Drive/IR Sensor Cable Replacement and here’s a bit more on the cable issue Your Hard Drive Cable Is A Ticking Time Bomb
We still have one more issue with the cable In the process of putting it in we find people over bend it which damages it! There’re fine foil wires inside which fatigue from creasing. To properly bend the cable we want a nice arc not a sharp fold! To make it easier I recommend you find an old BIC pen ink straw to use as a forming brake. Using the straw to help form the bend where the cable bends around a corner. Also don’t bend the cable at the drive connector either.
OK, last two issues! I promise!
You’ll want to create a USB thumb drive OS installer and you do need to make sure you use a fresh installer as Apple expired many of the ones people have now. If you've got an old macOS install image, it will probably stop working today. So that gets into what to use on your system. I recommend you stick with Sierra 10.12.x.
While you could go with High Sierra 10.13.x I don’t recommend it! Apple forces you to use a newer file system APFS Vs the older HFS+.
SATA based systems like your MacBook Pro don’t play well with APFS and Apples first release of APFS was not very good either.
So here’s the needed OS download How to upgrade to macOS Sierra. Jump down to Step 4 and click on the Blue URL link labeled Download macOS Sierra
Once you have it you’ll may need to unpack it double clicking on it then take the dmg file placing it on a a freshly formatted USB thumb drive GUID - Journaled file system. Then follow this guide to convert it to a bootable installer How to create a bootable macOS Sierra installer drive